The history of the activities of Civil Rights movements goes all the way back to 1777, with the abolishment of slavery in the state of Vermont.
In regards to 1820, The Missouri Compromise banned slavery throughout all of the territories up north of the state of Missouri. However, it still left it legal in the southern state that belonged to the Confederacy.
In regards to 1865, the Thirteenth Amendment is passed and slavery is officially abolished in all states.