Which are valid ways to make an ammonia/ammonium buffer for use in the laboratory? Select one or more: a. Mix some volume of 1 M NH3 with half as much 1 M HCl. b. Mix equal volumes of 1 M NH3 and 0.01 M NH4+. c. Mix equal volumes of 1 M NH3 and 1 M HCl. d. Mix equal volumes of 1 M NH3 and 1 M NH4+. g

The valid ways to make an ammonia/ammonium buffer for use in the laboratory are Mix some volume of 1 M NH₃ with half as much 1 M HCl and mix equal volumes of 1 M NH₃ and 1 M NH₄⁺.

What is buffer solution?

Buffer solutions are those solutions which shows resistance against the change in pH of the solution, when any drops of strong acid or base is added on it.

According to the question we have to prepare the buffer of NH₃ & NH₄⁺, so the solution should contain equal amounts of both species. And it will prepare by:

Mixing 1 M NH₃ with half as much 1 M HCl, as a result of the mixing half of HCl will generate half NH₄⁺ from the given NH₃ concentration.
On mixing equal volumes of 1 M NH₃ and 0.01 M NH₄⁺, produces equal concentration of NH₃ & NH₄⁺ in the buffer solution.

Hence, option (a) and (d) are correct

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