Answer:
I will start with question 2)
January 1, 2021, bonds issued at a premium
Dr Cash 852,031
  Cr Bonds payable 800,000
  Cr Premium on bonds payable 52,031
June 30, 2021, first coupon payment
Dr Interest expense 37,398.45
Dr Premium on bonds payable 2,601.55
  Cr Cash 40,000
December 31, 2021, first coupon payment
Dr Interest expense 37,398.45
Dr Premium on bonds payable 2,601.55
  Cr Cash 40,000
2)
Date     Cash     Interest      Change in        Carrying Value
        paid     expense      carrying value
01/01 Â Â Â Â Â Â - Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â - Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 52,031 Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 852,031
06/30 Â Â Â 40,000 Â Â 37,398.45 Â Â Â 49,429.45 Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 849,429.45
12/21 Â Â Â Â 40,000 Â Â 37,398.45 Â Â Â 46,827.90 Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 846,827.90